Ocean Freight: Everything You Need to Know

Ocean freight is the backbone of international trade, moving over 80% of global cargo. Here's what you need to know.

Why Choose Ocean Freight?

• Cost-effective for large/heavy shipments
• High capacity — move large volumes
• Flexible — containers, bulk, RORO, project cargo
• Global reach — virtually any port in the world

Container Types

| Type | Dimensions | Best For | |------|-----------|----------| | 20ft Standard | 6.1m × 2.4m × 2.6m | Heavy, dense cargo | | 40ft Standard | 12.2m × 2.4m × 2.6m | Volume cargo | | 40ft High Cube | 12.2m × 2.4m × 2.9m | Tall/light cargo | | 20ft Reefer | 6.1m × 2.4m × 2.6m | Perishable goods | | Flat Rack | Open sides | Oversized cargo |

Transit Times (from Europe)

• West Africa (Banjul, Dakar, Tema, Lagos): 16–35 days
• East Asia: 30–45 days
• North America: 12–20 days
• South America: 20–35 days
• Middle East: 18–30 days

Key Ocean Freight Terms

• POL: Port of Loading
• POD: Port of Discharge
• FCL: Full Container Load
• LCL: Less than Container Load
• RORO: Roll-on/Roll-off (for vehicles)
• B/L: Bill of Lading
• THC: Terminal Handling Charge
• Demurrage: Charges for containers staying at port too long

Cost Factors

1. Freight rate (port-to-port)
2. Origin charges (THC, documentation, customs)
3. Destination charges (THC, customs clearance, delivery)
4. Insurance (optional but recommended)
5. Surcharges (fuel, currency adjustment, peak season)

Best Practices

• Book 2–3 weeks in advance for better rates
• Consolidate shipments when possible
• Understand your Incoterms
• Plan for destination charges (often overlooked)
• Track your shipment regularly

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